Characterization of Pheonix Jackson Essay

Eudora Welty, in her character capital of Arizona Jackson, creates military mans counterpart of the phoenix cardinal grosbeak from oriental tradition. Although genus Phoenix Jackson can not bewilder claim to the immortality manifested by consuming fiery rebirths (as does the mythological bird), she possesses a fiery spirit and is consumed by deal for her grandchild. Ana4rzing the character of Phoenix is pleasurable because the characteristics of her roundness are primarily positive, static traits. She is tenacious, confident, wise, and resolute with a work discover sense of purpose which guides her fearlessly toward her goal. One word can summarize Phoenixnoble. Even in the one situation when the indorser sees Phoenix being sly, her slyness is immediately forgivable. Her slyness is a youngster negative characteristic in comparison to her innumerable positive ones and is not a conflicting quality. It is, instead, excusable in light of the pureness of her motivationlove.Ihe s imilarities of the phoenix bird and Phoenix Jackson are pronto apparent in the authors physical description of Phoenix her head tied in a loss rag, a golden color ran underneath, and a yellow burning under the unconsolable(457). Further confirming the parable between the woman and the bird is the cornme made by Phoenix at the spring, Sweetgum makes the water sweet (459). (Sweetgum K supposedly, the firebirds source of nourishment) Since it is obvious that Ms. Welty has made these comparisons, it is famed that the phoenix, in addition to symbolizing immortality, is said to be a good and wonderful bird, possessing qualities not distant the eagles nobility and powers of endurance. Phoenix Jackson shares these same qualities.Phoenix Jackson is an old pitch blackness woman (456). Being black and female in Natchez, Nfississippi, any time prior to 1963 was particularly treacherous. Since Phoenix refers to the Surrender, the reader knows that she lived during and after the Civil War. T his fact confirms that society afforded her circumstantial respect. Indeed, the majority ofwhite people would have considered her little more than an animal. However, an investigation of Phoeribes interaction with other (obviously white) characters in the story proves that her noble character commands respect contempt her age, race, and sex.For example, when the hunter points his gun at her, Phoenix responds by standing firm and facing him uncoiled on. The hunters respect is evident in this comment, Well, Granny, you must be a hundred geezerhood old and scared of nothing (460). Furthermore, when the elegant peeress on the street stoops to tie Phoerliks shoes, the reader sees Phoeniks commanding, noble character at work. In fact, it would appear that out of a clustering of people, Phoenix actually chooses this one particular woman to lace up her shoesShe paused quietly on the sidewalk where people were passing by. A lady came along in the crowd, carrying an armful ofpresents sh e gave off perfume like the red roses in hot summer, and Phoenix stopped her (460).Tradition says the phoenix bird has an affinity for frankincense, aromatic gums, and spices. It is as well as worthwhile to note that the nice lady, as well as the hunter, initially responds to Phoenix In a negative, perhaps derogatory, way by calling her Granny or Grandma. But in the final analysis, the lady is (at least momentarily) at Phoenix7s feet, and the hunter voices his admiration. Phoenixs physical stature stands in sharp ancestry to the enormity of her journey. Welty establishes in the first paragraph that Phoenix is very old and small. Me fact that her walkway could be aided and sustained by a thin, small cane made from an umbrella provides the reader with a graphic Illustration of her diminutive size.Her small size, of course, emphasizes, by contrast, Phoenixs giantsized determination and perseverance. do of old age, particularly poor eyesight, intensifies Phoenixs dangerous trek. Whe n the path runs up a hill, Phoenix says, Seem like there is chains about my feet, time I get this far (457). low-down vision is indicated throughout the story, for example, Old eyes thought you was a pretty little green bush (457). However, one uncanny incident occurs regarding PhoenbCs eyesight. She sees with her own eyes a flashing nickel fall out of the mans pocket onto the ground (459). This episode supports the parallel drawn between Phoenix and the firebirdshe exercises birdlike vision. Perhaps she has long contemplated what she would do if she had a nickel or a dime.

Pneumatology: Spiritual Gifts Essay

There be actually three biblical lists of the gifts of the Spirit, also cognize as spiritual gifts. The three main passages describing the spiritual gifts be (Romans 126-8 1 Corinthians 124-11 and 1 Corinthians 1228). The spiritual gifts identified in (Romans 12) are prophesying, serving, teaching, encouraging, giving, leadership, and mercy. The list in (1 Corinthians 124-11) includes the rule book of wisdom, the word of knowledge, faith, healing, miraculous bureaus, prophecy, distinguishing between spirits, converseing in tongues and interpretation of tongues.The list in (1 Corinthians 1228) includes healings, helps, governments, diversities of tongues. Speaking in tongues The gift of tongues is champion of the temporary sign gifts given to the early Church to enable the gospel to be p slide byed throughout the world to all nations and in all known languages. It involved the divine ability to speak in languages previously unknown to the speaker. This gift authenticated the m essage of the gospel and those who preached it as coming from God.The set phrase diversity of tongues (KJV) or different kinds of tongues (NIV) effectively eliminates the idea of a personal prayer language as a spiritual gift. The apostles were for the most part ordinary men and solitary(prenominal) a few of them knowledgeable another language other than their own. Even though there are those who teach that the gift of speech in tongues is no longer a valid gift, in (1 Corinthians 13) we are told that at some epoch the sign gifts will cease. Some theologians say that the word perfect in verse 10 refers to the end of the Revelation of God.Others teach that it refers to the resurrection. I believe that God can do whatever He wants. I dont believe that the course we see this gift portrayed today is neither illuminating to the perform nor honoring God. If the gifts such as healing and speaking in tongues are still workable today, I believe that the gifts would be apply in suc h a way as to never mould attention or glory to the one who possesses the gift, which is the opposite of what we see today. Even Paul said, however in the church service I would rather speak five words with my attending, that I may reach others also, than ten thousand words in a tongue. (1 Corinthians 1419) I do believe that the consecrated Spirit can lead any one at any eon to speak in tongues if required by God to do so, with certain rules to be followed. In todays churches, I find the rules not to be followed, so therefore I choose to believe it to be false and generic at best, due to lack of interpretation. Interpretation of tongues A person with the gift of interpreting tongues could understand what a tongues-speaker was saying even though he did not know the language that was being spoken.The tongues transcriber would then communicate the message of the tongues speaker to everyone else, so all could understand. What then shall we say, brothers? When you come together, everyone has a hymn, or a word of instruction, a revelation, a tongue or an interpretation. All of these mustiness be through with(p) for the strengthening of the church. If anyone speaks in a tongue, two or at the most three should speak, one at a sequence, and someone must interpret. If there is no interpreter, the speaker should keep quiet in the church and speak to himself and God. (1 Corinthians 1426-28).In this passage Paul gave instructions for orderly worship. In his instructions we are told that if anyone speaks in a tongue, it should be two or three at the most and someone must interpret. What we see in most charismatic churches is contrary to these guidelines. I go through visited several Pentecostal churches and have never seen a scriptural display of the gift of tongues. As I said before, if the gifts such as tongues and healing are still viable today, they would be used in such a way as to not draw attention to one person. What I have seen did not edify the chu rch and it did glorify God.The sign gifts were given to confirm apostolic revelation. In Theology Today, Elmer Towns states, When constructing a building, it is needed to erect sustain to aid construction. When the building is built, the scaffolding is removed. The sign gifts were the spiritual scaffolding that God used as His authority to build the churchWhen the authority of the written Word of God was complete, God took the scaffolding down. Whenever I come in contact with someone who objects to my views on tongues I just explain that the ledger spends so little time on the subject yet we spend too much of our time arguing about it.There are several places in Scripture I could take the time to make my views understood, provided like many others, why waste the time on it when it does not run a purpose pleasing to God? Along with the gift of tongues, there are other gifts listed that are still viable and useful and could be used in service to edify the church and bring glory to God. The baptism of the Holy Spirit occurs at the moment of salvation. We are all given the same assign of the Holy Spirit but the Christian life is all about the Holy Spirit gaining more territory in us.There are three occasions in the book of Acts where speaking in tongues accompanied the receiving of the Holy Spirit(Acts 24, 1044-46, and 196). However, these three occasions are the only places in the Bible where speaking in tongues is an evidence of receiving the Holy Spirit. Throughout the book of Acts, thousands of people believe in Jesus and nothing is said about them speaking in tongues (Acts 241, 85-25, 1631-34, 2120). Nowhere in the New Testament is it taught that speaking in tongues is the only evidence a person has received the Holy Spirit.In fact, the New Testament teaches the opposite. We are told that every believer in Christ has the Holy Spirit (Romans 89 1 Corinthians 1213 Ephesians 113-14), but not every believer speaks in tongues (1 Corinthians 1229-31). The b aptism of the Holy Spirit does two things, first it joins us to the body of Christ, and second it actualizes our co-crucifixion with Christ. Being in His body means we are risen with Him to newness of life (Romans 64). We should then exercise our spiritual gifts to keep that body functioning properly as stated in the context of (1 Corinthians 1213).Experiencing the one Spirit baptism serves as the basis for keeping the unity of the church, as in the context of (Ephesians 45-6). Being associated with Christ in His death, burial, and resurrection through Spirit baptism establishes the basis for our separation from the power of indwelling sin and our walk in newness of life (Romans 61-10 Colossians 212). Ephesians 45-6 (5) one Lord, one faith, one baptism (6) one God and Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all.

Free Education Essay

executing of students is a product of socio-economic, psychological and environmental factors. Education plays a significant berth in political, economic and social realms of development. Secondary cultivate placement, and to some extent admission, cypher on the work in the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education trial run in standard eight. This take aimed at decision bring out factors that contribute to ridiculous feat in Kenya Certificate of Primary Education examination in open day primary trails in Mwimbi Division, Maara District, Kenya.descriptive survey design was employ and a taste of 6 level instructors, 51 instructors and 146 standard eight pupils get intod in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the entropy obtained. The study realized the pursuit as factors bestow to poor capital punishment in primary bailiwick examination inadequate learning resources, inadequate varaning by head teachers, under mental facultying, high teacher turnover rate rate, inadequate prior preparation, deficiency of motive for teachers, large workload, absenteeism by both teachers and pupils, pupils lateness, lack of support from p atomic number 18nts.The following recommendations were made more teachers to be employed to reduce workload, Ministry of Education to organize induction courses for head teachers to clothe them with managerial skills, pargonnts to be educated on the importance of rudimentary education for their children, mode of rewarding teachers to be established. The study is expected to give insight reference to policy makers, scholars and researchers in high society to improve the sick areas. Key statuss Examination, Factors, Performance, Primary cultivates 1.Introduction The development of the education sector has been a long stand up objective of the presidential term of Kenya since independence in 1963. Education is considered by various stakeholders and players as a basic need and a basic right. Perfor mance ranks high on the national agenda, with educators and policymakers focusing on testing, accountability, curriculum reform, and teacher quality, school choice and related concerns.Conspicuously absent has been an examination of how school conditions affect principle andlearning, even though extensive literature exists that links school facilities to the quality of education and to teacher team spirit and teacher productivity (Mark, 2003). This study documents factors in school and in the community that affects teaching and learning negatively to an extent of poor mathematical process in KCPE in Mwimbi Division of Maara District. Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA www. ijhssnet. com. The introduction of wanton Primary Education (FPE) in January 2003, following the passing of the Childrens Act in 2001, has led to rattling educational achievements.Enrolments in humans schools increased significantly from 5.9 million in 2002 to 6. 9 million in 2003- a 17% increase representing a Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) of 99% (102% girls and 97% boys). The Government provides funds, through both the School Instructional Management Book broadside (SIMBA) and the General Purpose Account (GPA) to procure need establish materials and improve on some infrastructure, thereby raising the quality of education. The Kenyas education system is dominated by examination-oriented teaching, where passing examinations is the only benchmark for carrying out because there is no internal system of monitoring learning achievements at other levels within an education cycle.It is gener every(prenominal)y concord that the most important manifestations of quality education have to do with literacy, cognitive abilities, slaying and progression to high levels of learning. There is reliance on scores and transition rates as core measures of achievement. In Kenya, examinations are gener all in ally acceptable as valid measures of achievement (Maiyo, 2009). Secondary school placement, and to some extent admission, depend on performance of Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) examination in standard eight (Michael, Miguel & Rebecca, 2004).Although the regime has channeled funds into basic education, performance at KCPE shows that most of the students making transition to top schools are from head-to-head schools this creates inequality to access of opportunities to national and top performing provincial schools (Ngugi, 2007). In 2009 KCPE results out of 1374 candidates who sat for the examination in public day primary schools, none gained admission to the well endowed national schools in the country. The KCPE examination is marked out of a maximum mark of 500. education on card 1 shows the mean score for some schools from 2005 to 2009 in Mwimbi Division.Table 1 KCPE Mean Grades from 2005 to 2009Public Primary School 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Mutindwa 213. 24 210. 44 214. 11 200. 67 178. 75Wiru 222. 08 203. 79 219. 47 212. 04 198. 08 Ndunguri 195. 54 223. 94 213. 69 208. 41 199. 57Kirumi 228. 04 217. 17 187. 30 193. 74 200. 91 Source DEO Maara District (2011)Results on Table1 depict that KCPE performance in the public day primary schools is poor. Pupils may non be admitted to national schools or provincial schools with this kind of performance as it is too low. Therefore, these trends needs reversing and improve performance in national examinations by day public primary schools.2. Statement of the Problem Performance in national examinations by day primary schools has been poor. Therefore, this study sought to establish factors that contribute to thier poor performance in KCPE in Mwimbi Division, Maara District, Kenya. 3. Objectives of the Study The objectives of the study on factors that contribute to poor performance in KCPE in Mwimbi Division were to- i. Investigate the school establish factors ii. demote out teacher based factors iii. Determine the community based factors iv. Establish the pupil based factors 4. Methodology.Descr iptive survey design was used in conducting the study. The participants were six head teachers, 51 teachers and 146 standard eight pupils. Questionnaires for the head teachers, teachers and pupils were used to provide the needed data. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. 5. Results The following results were obtained from the study 5. 1 School-Based Factors that Contribute to Poor Performance in KCPE Various school based factors were identified as bring to poor performance in KCPE examinations. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 none5 March 2012 129 a) Commencement of Learning The prison term allocated for teaching and learning is a factor influencing pupils pedantician performance. There are three school hurt every year with holidays in between in the months of April, August and December. The study thusly sought to find out when learning begins after a holiday. Results obtained indicate that legal age of pupils (55. 5%) start le arning in the second week after school opens and 43. 8% indicated that they start learning after the first week of the school term. This indicates that there is a lot of time wastage before learning begins.Eshiwani (1983) noned that most schools loose many teaching/ learning hours at the arising of the term, this wastage leads to less work beingness covered and syllabi not being completed on time hence, contribute to poor performance in KCPE examinations. b) Adequacy of Learning Resources The sufficiency and use of teaching and learning materials affects the enduringness of a teachers lesson. Teaching and learning resources enhances understanding of abstract ideas and improves performance. The study sought adequacy of learning resources like text books, library books, wall maps and the exercise books.Data on Table 2 shows that text books provided in year and exercise books are adequate to but library books and wall maps are not adequate. Table 2 Adequacy of Learning Resources Learning Resource Adequate F % little F % Text Books Provided in the Class 80 54. 8 66 45. 2 Library Books 14 9. 6 132 90. 4 Wall Maps 11 7. 5 135 92. 5 Exercise Books 121 82. 9 25 17. 1 This makes learning of subjects like Social Studies very abstract to the pupils and could be a factor contributing to poor performance in national examinations. Schneider (2003) found out that school facilities have a devise effect on teaching and learning.Text books enable the pupils to follow the teachers sequence of showing and aids in understanding of lessons (Ubogu, 2004). c) School Administration The quality of school administration plays a racy role in academic performance as it is concerned with pupils, teachers, rules, regulations and policies that govern the school system. In analyzing the energy of school administration, the following aspects were looked into relative frequency of staff meetings, frequency of fit outing teachers schemes of work and lesson plans, adequacy of teacher s prior preparation, frequency of class observation by the head teacher.i. oftenness of Staff Meetings in a Term Data obtained shows that majority of the respondents (64. 7%) indicated that staff meetings are held twice a term, 19. 6% indicated once only in a term and 15. 7% indicated that they hold staff meetings more than twice in a term.Few staff meetings may lead to less co-ordination of curriculum implementation. Findings by Kathuri (1986) asserted that the first aspect of administration is staff meetings as they facilitate co-ordination of various activities in the school.This implies that there was less monitoring and reporting of the progress of the schools activities to the teachers and this could be a factor contributing to poor performance in national examinations. ii. Frequency of Checking Teachers Schemes of work The accountability of checking the professional documents like teachers schemes of work and lesson plans lies in the hands of the head teacher. This may be make in person or he may delegate to the deputy head teacher or the aged teacher. Preparation and use of schemes of work by the teachers enhances sequential teaching and results to improved achievement.The frequency of checking teachers schemes of work was therefore looked into and allhead teachers (100%) indicated that they randomly check the teachers schemes of work only once a term. This reflects that head teachers do not do any follow up on curriculum implementation during the course of the term. Checking of teachers schemes of work should be done frequently to allow the head teacher monitor curriculum implementation. Lack of this close monitoring could be a factor contributing to poor performance in national examinations. Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA www. ijhssnet. com iii.Frequency of Checking the Teachers Lessons Plans Teachers lesson plan is a professional document prepared by teachers for the purpose of presentation of a lesson. The teacher indicates whether the lesson has been taught and objectives achieved if the lesson is not taught, then the teacher indicates the reason why and when he intends to cover it if the lesson objectives are not achieved, the teacher plans for remedial lesson in order to make the concept understood by the pupils. Table 3 Frequency of Checking Teachers Lesson Plans Number of Times Percent Once a month 83. 3 Once a term 16. 7 Total 100. 0.Information on Table 3 shows that majority of the head teachers (83. 3%) check teachers lesson plans once a month and 16. 7% indicated that they are checked once a term. Head teachers should monitor lesson plan preparation frequently otherwise it may lead to poor performance by in national examinations. iv. Adequacy of Teachers anterior Preparation Adequate prior preparation before a teacher goes to class leads to good performance by the pupils. This promotes sequential presentation of concepts by the teacher to the learners. Information on Table 4, head teachers indicate that teache rs prior preparation is fair (66.7%).Table 4 The Adequacy of Teachers Prior Preparation This is an indication that head teachers are not satisfied with the teachers prior preparation. Always, prior preparation by the teachers leads to systematic delivery of concepts to pupils and enhances performance. Therefore, teachers prior preparation was not sufficient and could be a factor track to poor performance by the pupils. v. observation of Classes by Head teachers One of the roles of the head teacher is to ravish out internal supervision of curriculum implementation in his/her school.This involves physical observation of teachers lessons in progress. Results on Table 5 shows the frequency at which the head teachers observed classes conducted by the teachers. Table 5 Observation of Classes by the Head-teachers Number of Times Percent More than twice 33. 3 Not at all 66. 7 Total 100. 0 Majority of the head teachers (66. 7%) do not at all observe classes conducted by the teachers in a g iven term. One of the head teachers roles is regular class supervision in order to promote curriculum goals. Failure to do so may lead to poor performance in national examinations. d) Teacher-Based Factors.These are the factors within the teachers that could hinder or promote academic performance of pupils in their schools. The study sought to analyze the following aspects of teacher based factors teacher commitment, teachers frequency of absenteeism, teachers motivation and teachers work load. i. Teacher Commitment Level Good performance is as a result of high commitment levels by the teachers. All head teachers (100%) indicated teachers commitment as moderate. Rating Percent Good 33. 3 Fair 66. 7 Total 100. 0International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 5 March 2012 131.No teacher was rated as having high commitment to their work. Ubogu (2004) asserts that teachers who lack enthusiasm are uneffective to teach effectively, making pupils not to learn well. This could be a contributing factor to poor performance by the pupils in national examinations. ii. Frequency of Absenteeism among Teachers Teachers rate of absenteeism was looked into and majority of the head teachers (66. 7%) rated them as moderate, succession 33. 3% indicated their rate of absenteeism as low. When teachers absent themselves from school frequently, pupils go unattended and do not do well in examinations.Absenteeism by teachers reduces the amount of instructional time and this result in the syllabi not being completed. This in return results to lower output of work by the pupils (Ubogu, 2004). iii. Teachers Motivation Majority of the head teachers (66. 7%) said that teachers were not motivated, while 33. 3% indicated they are. World Bank Report (1986) acknowledges that teacher satisfaction is broadly related to achievement satisfied teachers would concentrate hence enhancing academic performance of their pupils. iv. Teacher Turn-over Rate The teacher turnover rate in the last one year was also looked into.Results obtained indicate that 50% of teachers were transferred once, 33. 3% twice and 16. 7% were transferred five times in a year. This is a factor that contributes to poor performance in examinations. According to Schneider (2003) high teacher turn over forces schools to devote attention, time and financial resources attracting electrical switch of teachers. v. Teachers Workload The number of lessons teachers take per week out of possible 40 lessons was looked into and majority of the teachers (80. 32%) had a work load of between 36 and 40 lessons, 19.68% had lessons between 31 and 35 lessons out of a possible 40 lessons. This implies that teachers are not overloaded hence their output in terms of national examinations performance should be good. 5. 2 Pupil-Based Factors These are the factors within the pupils that could enhance or hinder their academic performance. In the pupil based factors the following aspects were looked into pupils la nguage use, pupils rate of absenteeism and pupils lateness to school. a) Pupils lyric Use Data on language used by pupils in class among themselves is indicated on Table 6. Table 6 Pupils Language Use.Language Used F % Mother Tongue 18 35. 3 English 5 9. 8 Kiswahili 26 51. 0 English and Kiswahili 2 3. 9 Total 51 100. 0 Majority of the pupils (51%) used Kiswahili to communicate among themselves, 35. 3% use their mother tongue, 9. 8% use English, and 3. 9% use both Kiswahili and English. Pupils who interact using English language tend to understand it better and do well in examinations as all examinations are written in English language pupils who use mother tongue for fundamental interaction are disadvantaged as they end performing poorly in examinations which are written in English.Ubogu (2004) asserts that the prevalence of the use of local language means that pupils would lack a lot of vocabularies in English, which would be needed to understand teachers lessons and the textbooks they read. b) Pupils Frequency of Absenteeism The aspect of how frequent pupils absented themselves from school was looked into and 41% indicated they moderately miss school, 29. 4% indicated their rate of absenteeism is high and 29. 4% indicated low. When pupils absent themselves from school, they tend to lose many concepts and definitely may not do well in exams. Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA www.ijhssnet. com 132 The effect of absenteeism and irregular school attendance is that materials taught is unvoiced to understand when studied on ones own. Continued loss of classes results to loss of content and knowledge. Assignments and exercises would not be properly and correctly done leading to poor performance (Ubogu, 2004). From the analysis above, quite a number of pupils absent themselves from school and therefore this could be a factor contributing to poor performance. c) Pupils Lateness Information on Table 7 shows majority of teachers indicated pupils rate of lateness as fre quent.This would definitely lead to poor performance in examinations. Table 7 Frequency of Lateness among Pupils Frequency Percent Very Frequent 31 60. 8 Not Frequent 20 39. 2 Total 51 100. 0 5. 3 Community-Based Factors Community based factors are factors within the community that impede or enhance pupils academic performance. In analyzing the community based factors, the following aspects were looked into a) Parents Consultation with Teachers Good performance is realized when parents work in bestowation with the teachers in order to understand their children better.The study therefore sought to find out how often parents consult the teachers on matters pertaining their childrens education. Data obtained indicate that majority of parents (62%) rarely consult teachers on education matters of their children, 20% indicated they sometimes consult and 8% do often consult but 10% never consulted teachers. This is an indication that most parents were not so frequently concerned about ed ucation of the children. Ubogu (2004) indicated that parents interaction with teachers enables them to know what their children are encountering in school and what could be done to deal with the problems.It would also put pupils on alert and study in school as they would know that their parents would inquire about their performance. Parents may not be able to provide much guidance and help their childrens performance improve when they are ignorant of what happens in school. b) Parental rejoinder to Provision of Learning Materials Results on Table 8 shows, parents poor response to provision of learning materials. Table 8 Parental Response to Provision of Learning Materials Rating F % Good 5 10. 0 Satisfactory 17 34.0 Poor 28 56. 0 Total 50 100. 0 Ubogu (2004) asserts that lack of basic school needs like learning materialscould not provide a stable school principal and conducive environment for the pupils to study. Lack of learning materials contribute to poor performance in nationa l examinations.c) Parents Willingness to get into in School Development Results on Table 9 indicate Parents are not willingness to participate in the general school development. Schools where parents are actively involved in school development do well in exams as pupils are encouraged by both the teachers and the parents. Table 9 Parents Willingness to come in in School Development F % Willing 2 33. 3 Not willing 4 66.7 Total 6 100. 0International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 5 March 2012 133 d) Assistance Pupils get at Home Majority of the pupils (69. 2%) did not get economic aid to do homework at home, but 30. 8% does. Those students who do not receive assistance at home to do homework end up performing poorly in national examinations. References Eshiwani, G. S. (1983). Factors Influencing Performance among Primary and Secondary School Pupils in Western Kenya Province. A policy study. Bureau of Educational enquiry, Kenyatta University. Kathuri, M. J. (198 6).Factors that mold the Performance of Pupils in CPE. KERA enquiry Report. Nairobi Kenyatta University, Bureau of Educational Research. Maiyo. J. A. & Ashioya, L. A. (2009). Poverty Alleviation The Educational cooking Perspective. Department of Educational Planning and Management, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology. Michael, K. Miguel, E. & Rebecca, T. (2004). Incentives to Learn, BREAD working paper Number 086, Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development, U. S. A. Ngugi, P. (4th January, 2007). 400,000 Assured of Places . In the Daily Nation.Nairobi Nation Media Group Ltd. Schneider, M. (2003). Do School Facilities Affect Academic Outcomes? Washington, D. C. National Clearing house for Educational Facilities Strategic Public Relations and Research LTD, (2005). Review of the Status of Provision of Education to all Children in Kenya. ANPPCAN. Ubogu, R. E, (2004). The Causes of Absenteeism and Dropout among Secondary School Students in Delta key Senat orial Districtof Delta State. Unpublished Ph. D Thesis, Delta State University, Nigeria Abraka. World Bank. (1986). A Report on School timberland and Achievement. Washington DC World Bank.

Homosexuality: Nature Versus Nurture

HOMOSEXUALITY NATURE VERSUS NURTURE temper all things belong to dumbfound Nature the trees, the flowers, insects, the great waters, animals, and dismantle the human race all spargon-time moldivity the laws of nature that we are instinctively born with. However somewhere along the line something or soulfulness defies those laws and go against what nature intended. Whether or not this rebellion is fostered by nurture, or if there is an exception to the laws that Mother Nature has set forth is a question that psychologist and many people lay down encountered and most obligate yet to find the answer.Homo knownity has been thought of as macrocosm something that some are born with and others recall it is a learned behavior. Whether or not nature or nurture is the cause for this aberrantity we whitethorn never definitively know the answer to. But then again that all depends on what we define as being normal. To begin to answer the questions that plague humanity about internal orientation we must first involve ourselves what exactly is sexuality and what role does it play in our society and the continuation of keep. grammatical sexuality is broken down into three areas heterosexuality, bisexuality, and homosexuality. If you look at these on a scale ones sexuality would be measured by the degree in which ones feelings are more(prenominal) drawn also from one end of the scale to the other (Feldman, 2009, pg 376). in that location are several components that are argued to have a signifi undersidet role in what a persons sexual identity is. These components are ii biological and environ psychical in nature (Feldman, 2009, pg 377).Biologically hormones may play a role in determining sexual orientation (Feldman, 2009, pg 377). Rese loaded has shown that women exposed to a drug called diethylstilbestrol (DES), caren by women to avoid miscarriage, before birth were more likely to be homosexual or bisexual (Feldman, 2009, pg 377). There is also research suggesting that brain structure could be a element in the determination of ones sexuality (Feldman, 2009, pg 377). The structure of the anterior hypothalamus, an area of the brain that governs sexual behavior, differs in male homosexuals and heterosexuals compared with heterosexual men or women, gay men have a larger anterior commissure, which is a bundle of neurons connecting the right and leftfield hemispheres of the brain (Feldman, 2009, pg 377). Although biological reasoning nominate not be a clear cut business relationship for homosexuality it leaves us room to extrapolate the condition of homosexuals rather than boorishly passing judgment on people for something they did not ask to be.Examining the notion that homosexuality is a learned behavior rather than an intrinsic behavior has led to one very interesting yet sad biography lesson for one family paltry from what one could call the effects of inadvertent tike abuse. David Reimer was born Bruce Reimer, however he wa s raised as Brenda Reimer. When David and his twin brother Brian were just six months old their mother took them in for a routine circumcision. The babies had been having trouble passing urine and with the suggestion of the family Doctor Mrs.Reimer took her boys in for the bit that would eventually change Davids life before it even began (McKenna, Kessler, Tiefer, and Schober, 2002). The doctors had chosen an unconventional method of circumcision, one in which the skin would be burned. The procedure went horribly wrong and Bruces penis was burned so badly that it could not be repaired surgically. Thinking irrationally, Mrs. Reimers first concerns were how Bruce would cope as an adolescent lacking a penis.The decision was make after hearing to a Doctor by the name of John Money, and taking into consideration his views on sexuality, it was decided that Bruce would be raised as a female, and was renamed Brenda. Dr. John Money of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore argues that b oys caught betimes enough could be raised to be girls nurture and not nature determines a childs gender, the doctor argued (McKenna, Kessler, Tiefer, and Schober, 2002). If this is to be genuine, that nurture is the determining factor in ones sexuality, then raising Bruce as Brenda would seemingly erase any hardship he would have to encounter growing up.However that would prove to be furthest from the truth. Growing up Brenda couldnt understand why she liked doing things that boys were doing and why as an adolescent she became attracted to girls and not boys. Eventually Brenda would learn the truth of her true identity and what he had been going through with Dr. Money and his experiment a life experience that would ultimately lead to his committing suicide (McKenna, Kessler, Tiefer, and Schober, 2002).Subjecting individuals to such traumas can prove to have a psychological hold on people who have to endure such horrific episodes in their lives. Sexual trauma and early photograp h to sexual activity is another argument in the quest to determine the roots to homosexuality. There are so many young person girls today that start out with sexual activity at an early age some as early as ten years old. Over time these young ladies are exposed to sexual activity such as oral sex, group sex, and same-sex gratification.They have allowed themselves to be misused by men, for lack of guidance, and find that blaming the men for their broken hearts is an easy way to act on their curiosities about same-sex relations. With the rise of same-sex parenting it is only natural for one to assume that such behavior displayed in the domicile would raise questions to rather or not this type of dysfunctional display of what a family is hypothetic to look like could actually be one of the causes of homosexuality amongst pre-teens and teens. If this is all they see at home this be effs normal to them therefore making heterosexuality an abnormality.However on the contrary studies show that researchers looked at entropy gleaned from 15 studies on more than 500 children, evaluating possible stigma, teasing and social isolation, adjustment and self-esteem, opposite gender role models, sexual orientation, and strengths. Studies from 1981 to 1994, including 260 children reared by either heterosexual mothers or same-sex mothers after divorce, found no differences in intelligence, type or prevalence of psychiatric disorders, self-esteem, well-being, peer relationships, couple relationships, or parental stress(MD, Chang, 2002). slightly studies showed that single heterosexual parents children have more difficulties than children who have parents of the same sex, Perrin says. They did better in discipline, self-esteem, and had less psychosocial difficulties at home and at school (MD, Chang, 2002). Another study of 37 children of 27 divorced lesbian mothers and a similar number of children of heterosexual mothers found no differences in behavior, adjustment, gender iden tity, and peer relationships (MD, Chang, 2002).The effects of same-sex parenting seems to be equally or more effective than that of heterosexual house-holds. The one governing element in child rearing is a combination of love, discipline, and explanation of things not easily understood. There can, however, be a practically darker side to the equation. Such as childhood rape although it is difficult to make accurate estimates of the true relative incidence of child sexual abuse, due to the majority of the cases going unreported, experts estimate that each year a half(prenominal) million children are sexually abused (Feldman, 2009, pg 380). The short and longer term consequences of child hood sexual abuse can be extremely damaging. Victims report fear, anxiety, depression, anger, and hostility. Long-term effects may include depression, self-destructive behavior such as drug and alcohol abuse, poor self-esteem, and feeling of isolation (Feldman, 2009, pg 381). Children who experien ce same-sex sexual abuse can suffer identity issues when it comes time for them to identify their sexual orientation. Because of the trauma this behavior fosters confusion, and uncertainness about who they are sexually.There are however those who triumph in the face of adversity those who take negatives and make out of them their testimony and help others with the same or similar issues. Take for example the life of Mr. Donnie McClurkin as a child Donnie was not raped once but twice by two different family members. Both family members were of the male gender. Throughout his life Donnie had to cope with the sexual trauma he had endured at such an early age he became confused and could not understand why him (Boykin, 2002). Mr. McClurkin led a homosexual lifestyle for over 20 years until he completely gave his life over to his religion.He is now married to a woman and has children. He no longer lives a homosexual lifestyle (Boykin, 2002) In this situation his choice to lead a homose xual lifestyle was fostered by sexual and mental trauma, this does not constitute factual standing that he was born a homosexual or even that he really choose to have these misunderstood feelings for the same sex. So how then do we discontinue whether or not sexuality is a choice or an inborn attribute people come to this world with before they even completely understand the bang of sexual orientation?Living in a world where you are forced suppress who you really are to pacify the needs of others exit always be a hindrance and in turn will keep you oppressed in your own body. Most homosexuals suffer from depression because they are hiding their true selves from the world for fear of being exiled so-to- verbalize by society. However in this day and age freedom to self showion has become more accepted though there are still others who have become like a indrawn to their families because of their sexual preference. Is homosexuality really a sin?First of all we have to establish wh at the vocalize sin really means. According to the Bible to sin is to transgress the law. Most people who are familiar with religion and its origin know that according to Hebrew Scriptures the law is what we call today the Old Testament, or more accurately referred to as the Torah. The Torah was given to Moses in it you will find the Ten Commandments (Exodus 3428) though in the United States of America church and acres are deemed separate, the constitution adheres to those Ten Commandments in which speak nothing of homosexuality.So, how then does homosexuality become a sin would it be the same as manifestation a person afflicted with mental retardation is a sinner they too did not ask to be that way. Being in your natural state means to be who you are if you are a homosexual who pretends to be heterosexual to please society you are then in an unnatural state. If divinity fudge makes no mistakes then why are homosexuals persecuted so harshly? Religion is a man made institution to allow for structure within a society it has nothing to do with nature.If one can not explain the beauty of God in mere mortal words how then can they determine what is natural and what is not. Life is an expression so is love. Therefore if it is more natural for one to express their love with someone of the same sex, then who are we to judge? The line between normal and abnormal can be as thin as the line between love and hate. To be is to embody and to have your very existence held hostage by the insecurities of someone elses existence is an injustice compel by a society who finds great thrill in playing the role of God.Nature is beautiful. It brings with it the beauty of mystery and the excitement of being able to acquire knowledge thereof. It can not be explained by limiting its greatness to the confines of the human psyche and the ignorance of its grace. Nature determines what is natural. If it is born of nature that it is in the state it was intended to be so again I ask who are we to judge? References Boykin, K. , (2002) Confessions of Donnie McClurkin. Retrieved May 23, 2009 from http//www. keithboykin. om/arch/2002/11/19/confessions_of. Feldman, R. S. , (2009) Understanding Psychology. Ninth Edition. New York McGraw-Hill. McKenna W. , Kessler S. J. , Tiefer L. , Schober J. M. (2002). As Nature Made Him The Boy Who Was elevated as a Girl. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31(3), 301-306. Retrieved May 25, 2009, from Research Library database. (Document ID 121961432). MD, Chang, L. , (2002). Study Same-Sex Parents Raise well-adjusted Kids. Retrieved May 24, 2009 from WebMD Health News Archive. The Bible. King James Version.

The Role of Women as Shown through Marriage Law Essay

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Olympic Games in capital of the United Kingdom 2012 - Term Paper ExampleLOCOG has conducted a number of pilot tests prior to the official launch of the event and those were focused to ensure that the general cosmos transport and working routine does not get affected by the event. For this purpose walking tracks excite been established that would lead to the sports park and would avoid full-grown lanes of traffic in form of visitors visiting the place. Manuals and metropolis maps are being spread online and at the local level. The Daily Telegraph reported a large number of bookings from the visitors in advance who are bound to visit the city during the event. For the entire purpose London Transport Plan ( 2nd edition) was released in 2009 which took into esteem factors like passengers routes, visitors stay, businesses and motels handling and all other factors that were undeniable to be taken into account (LOCOG, 2010). The entire project was split into various sections that last ed for a particular period.Between 2007 and 2011 the discipline process was named as Building the stage which included establishing the infrastructure of the entire event taking into consideration all the variables involved. (LOCOG, 2012) while the second part (2011 onwards plan) constituted the final touches and enabling the successful system of rules of the event. The internal environment includes the gigantic sports stadium arena termed the Sports park can accommodate over 80 thousand spectators at one time. It is the first Olympic even that will be HD-TV supported. It has a spot broadcast center that will have the capacity for over 20 thousand media representatives. For ensuring error trial impression performance and event organization, a number of pilot events were organized in a bid to canvas the level of preparation. The management team needs to facilitate not just the organizers and media person but the athletes as well. For this purpose effective strategy has been devis ed that will meet the needs. The Risk factor consideration is also taken into account and impact of various issues on the mega event. LOCOG board has established a panel for this purpose that involves the quick participation of senior management for mitigating the risks.