Case Analysis Assignment Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis Assignment - Case Study Example ts producing multinational company was severely criticized by the international human rights activist groups as well as the other activists in the global communities due to the large scale exploitation of the cheap labor sources in the country. The problems faced by the company were one of the most cited examples of the global sweatshop issues prevailing in the international scenarios at that time. The Foxconn workers’ suicide cases were investigated by a number of domestic and international authorities including the fair Labor Association (FLA) which identified severe malpractices in the human resource management systems implemented in the manufacturing houses of the company (Fair Labor Association, 2012). A number of core human resource management issues were identified in the company which included the exploitation of labors, the use of unfair labor practices, the provision of biased and unjust work environment, a non-caring attitude of the company towards the safety and he alth of the worker groups, low payment of wages and extremely long working hours. Along with these practices, the authoritative treatment of the managers of the company towards the labor groups also deteriorated the working condition of the labors in the Foxconn factories, thereby creating an exemplary sweatshop practice case for the company. The cultural aspect of the company further aggravated the human resource issues and malpractices in the factories of the Foxconn Technology Group. The company was accused of exploiting the labor resources in the then developing state of China after the repeated suicide cases of the workers drew high levels of media attention and were discussed on the global platforms. The fair stand taken by Apple Inc. which was the biggest client of Foxconn Technology Group was another main factor which further alleviated the criticisms made towards the company. Apple Inc. clearly stated that it would severe all types of business relations with the supplier if it does

To Study Promotional Mix Of Coca Cola Products Marketing Essay

To Study Promotional Mix Of Coca Cola Products Marketing Essay Coca-Cola is the most recognised brand name in the world with 94 per cent recognition. This profile has spread with increasing rapidity in recent years as evidenced for example in China, where Coca-Cola became the most recognised trademark in the late 1990s. Today you can buy a Coke almost anywhere from Beijing to Buenos Aires, from Moscow to Mexico City. The Coca-Cola Company sells half of all soft drinks consumed throughout the world. Coca Cola Great Britain 5 Image 1 The Mission Statement of the Coca Cola Company Their mission statement is to maximize shareholder value over time. In order to achieve this mission, they must create value for all the constraints they serve, including their consumers, customers, bottlers, and communities. The Coca Cola Company creates value by executing comprehensive business strategy guided by six key beliefs: 1. Consumer demand drives everything we do. 2. Brand Coca Cola is our core business 3. We will serve consumers, broad selection of the non-alcoholic ready-to-drink beverages they want to drink through out the day. 4. We will be the best marketers in the globe. 5. We will think and act locally. 6. We will lead as a model corporate citizen. The ultimate objectives of our business strategy are to increase volume, expand our share of worldwide nonalcoholic ready to drink beverages sales, maximize our longterm cash flows, and create economic value added by improving economic profit. The Coca Cola system has more than 16 million customers around the world that sells or serves our products directly to consumers. We keenly focus on enhancing value for these customers and helping them grow their beverage businesses. We strive to understand each customers business and needs, whether that customer is a sophisticated retailer in a developed market a kiosk owner in an emerging market. There are nearly 6 million people in the world who are potential consumers of our companys product. Ultimately, our success in achieving our mission depends on our ability to satisfy more of their beverage consumption demands and our ability to add value for customers. We achieve this when we place the right products in the right markets at the right time. COCA COLA INTERNATIONAL HISTORY Coca-Cola Enterprises, established in 1986. Each of its franchises has a strong heritage in the traditions of coca cola that is the foundation for this Company. The coca cola Company traces its beginning to 1886, when an Atlanta pharmacist, Dr. John Pemberton , began to produce Coca-Cola syrup for sale in fountain drinks. However the bottling business began in 1899 when two Chattanooga businessmen, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead , secured the exclusive rights to bottle and sell Coca-Cola for most of the United States from The Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola bottling system continued to operate as independent, local businesses until the early 1980s when bottling franchises began to consolidate. In 1986, The Coca-Cola Company merged some of its company-owned operations with two large ownership groups that were for sale, the John T. Lupton franchises and BCI Holding Corporations bottling holdings, to form Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. The Company offered its stock to the public on November 21, 1986, at a split-adjusted price of $5.50 a share. On an annual basis, total unit case sales were 880,000 in 1986. In December 1991, a merger between Coca-Cola Enterprises and the Johnston Coca-Cola Bottling Group, Inc. (Johnston) created a larger, stronger Company, again helping accelerate bottler consolidation. As part of the merger, the senior management team of Johnston assumed responsibility for managing the Company, and began a dramatic, successful restructuring in 1992.Unit case sales had climbed to 1.4 billion, and total revenues were $5 billion. Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines in more than 200 countries.[1] It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler in North America and western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains to major restaurants and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special versions with lemon, lime or coffee. Based on Interbrands best global brand 2011, Coca-Cola was the worlds most valuable brand. https://sites.google.com/site/engineeringmbaproject/mba-project-report-on-marketing-strategies-of-coca-cola http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola Acquisitions The company has a long list of acquisition history. Coca-Cola took over Minute Maid in 1960, the Indian cola brand thums Up in 1993, and Barqs in 1995. In 2001, it took over the Odwalla brand of fruit juices, smoothies and bars for $181  million. In 2007, it acquired Fuze Beverage from founder Lance Collins and Castanea Partners for an estimated $250  million. The companys 2009 bid to buy a Chinese juice maker ended when China rejected its $2.4  billion bid for the Huiyuan Juice Group on the grounds that it would be a virtual monopoly. Nationalism was also thought to be a reason for aborting the deal. In 1982, coca cola made its only non-beverage acquisition, when it purchased Columbia Pictures for $692 million. It sold the movie studio to Sony for $1.5 billion in 1989. Coca-Cola Brands n UK CocaCola Diet Coke Coke Zero Powerade Powerade Zero Powerade Energy Glaceau Schweppes Schweppes Water Schweppes Mixers Schweppes Lemonade Schweppes Cordials Schweppes Slimline Sprite Sprite Zero Fanta Fanta Zero Dr Pepper Dr Pepper Zero Lilt Lilt Zero Oasis Oasis Light 5 Alive Kia Ora Kia Ora No Added Sugar Relentless Relentless Sugar Free Competitors Direct Competitor Comparison KO DPS NSRGY PEP Industry Market Cap: 170.12b 9.33b 204.90b 108.57b 1.29b Employees: 146,200 19,000 328,000 297,000 3.53k Qtrly Rev Growth (yoy): 0.01 -0.00 0.08 -0.05 0.14 Revenue (ttm): 47.60b 5.97b 93.06b 65.70b 1.60b Gross Margin (ttm): 0.60 0.58 0.47 0.52 0.41 EBITDA (ttm): 13.01b 1.31b 17.32b 12.59b 201.40m Operating Margin (ttm): 0.23 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.11 Net Income (ttm): 8.80b 625.00m 10.61b 5.92b N/A EPS (ttm): 1.91 2.92 3.32 3.76 0.50 P/E (ttm): 19.83 15.33 19.39 18.69 22.62 PEG (5 yr expected): 2.28 2.07 3.34 4.02 1.59 P/S (ttm): 3.52 1.53 2.16 1.63 1.42 DPS = Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. NSRGY = Nestl PEP = Pepsico, Inc. Industry = Beverages Soft Drinks Nonalcoholic Beverage Makers Ranked by Beverage Sales Company Symbol Price Change Market Cap P/E The Coca-Cola Company KO 37.93 0.01 170.12b 19.83 Pepsico, Inc. PEP 70.19 0.01 108.57b 18.69 Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. DPS 44.81 0.02 9.33b 15.33 Groupe Danone Water Division Private Nestlà © Waters Private ITO EN, LTD. Private Red Bull GmbH Private Cott Corporation COT 8.71 0.01 822.98m 24.47 Britvic Plc BTVCY 11.64 0.00 1.41b 14.62 Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. Private Nestl NSRGY 64.43 0.02 204.90b 19.39 Diageo plc DEO 120.69 0.02 75.28b 24.27 Heineken NV HINKY 32.14 0.02 36.96b 17.83 SABMiller plc SBMRY 45.52 0.08 72.21b 17.26 Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV BUD 86.98 0.02 139.16b 19.17 Suntory International Corp. COMPETATIVE ADVANTAGE OF COCA COLA Competitive advantage than a company has over the rivals by providing better customer satisfaction, by means of cost, benefits or due the services. STRONG BRAND NAME: Coca cola has developed a very strong brand by its strategies that it has followed during so many years and as a result has came up with a global brand name that is almost known by 90% of the global population. STRONG MARKETING STRATEGIE: Coca cola concentrates on the customer in whatever they do. And it focuses on all the age group of people that is children, youngsters and matured customers and come with marketing strategies that  influence on all the targeted consumers. NEW PRODUCT INNOVATIONS: With time to time Coca cola comes with new product innovation that attracts it customer towards itself again and again. These days people are becoming more and more health conscious, so coca cola has came up with non carbonate drinks and fruit juice products for example Diet coke, juices etc. BOTTELING SYSTEM: Bottling system is one of the most significant advantages that the company enjoys, among its other competitors and that allows infinite growth all over the the world. Coca cola has given rights to the bottlers companies around the globe to make and sell its products. Marketing strategy Marketing involves getting the right product to the right place, at the right time, at the right price and with the most suitable promotional activity. Coca-Cola has always been successful in creating the most appropriate marketing mix. Since the beginning, coca cola has built its business using a universal strategy based on three timeless principles: Acceptability- through effective marketing, the company ensurs that coca cola brands are an integral part of consumers daily lives, making coca cola the preferred beverage everywhere Affordability- Coca-Cola guarantees that it offers the best price in terms of value for money Availability Making sure that Coca-Cola brands are available anywhere, where people want refreshment. Coca-Cola has created well organized and extensive global distribution network guaranteeing the ubiquity of its products. (Ubiquity means ability to appear to be present everywhere at once.) Its approach is founded on the belief that coca cola must try to quench the thirst of everyone in the world -of all 5.6 billion people The Company operates a worldwide franchise system supplying syrups and concentrates to over 1,200 bottling operations, (there are more than 350 in the US alone) which thus include local companies and suppliers in the 200 countries in which coca cola is sold. The bottling companies distribute the worlds favourite brand using the most sophisticated technology and distribution networks that is available. The Company supports its international bottler network with sophisticated marketing programs seeking to guarantee that the companys brands are available where anyone is seeking refreshment. Coca Colas bottling system is the largest and most widespread production and distribution network in the globe. Pricing Strategy Coca cola has a high market share, competitor pressure has forced customer sensitivity to price to be fairly high, sales volume is of course high and profit margin is fairly low as the Coca-Cola products are fast moving consumer goods. This points to penetration strategy. Penetration pricing means the setting of lower rather than high prices to achieve potentially dominant share in the market. This can only be done when the demand for the product is believed to be highly flexible, basically demand is price-sensitive and either a new consumers will be involved, or existing consumers will buy more of the product because of a low price. A good penetration strategy may lead to large amount of sales and large share in the market. The strategy may also promote complimentary products. The main product may be priced low to attract sales, customers are then sold accessories. This strategy will work nicely in promoting re-use of Coca-Cola packaging via a beverage holder of vessel which is purchased separately and refilled. The potential disadvantage of bringing in this strategy is the likelihood of competitors doing the same by reducing their prices, therefore damaging any advantage of the reduced price. Price Penetration is most appropriate in industries where standardization is important. The product that achieves high market penetration often becomes the industry standard, in regards to the new Coca-Cola beverage vessel, it is trying to create a standardization of how consumers use the beverage container. Coca-Cola are likely to receive stiff competition soon after introduction of the product, although the product that achieves high market penetration often becomes the industry standard and other products, even superior products, become marginalized. Standards carry heavy momentum. Global branding The ability to engage in global branding is a key advantage to any large company.   Coca-Cola is fortunate in that it possesses a number of instantly recognisable icons which go beyond the familiar taste of its product. In particular the Company benefits from its registered trade mark, the characteristic classic shapes of its bottles and the highly familiar red and white Coca-Cola can No story of Coca-Cola would be complete without the Coca-Cola glass bottle. The design for the bottle was created in the early 1900s when the bottlers of Coca-Cola faced constant threat of imitation of both product and packaging. We need a Coca-Cola bottle which a person will recognise as a Coca-Cola bottle even if he feels it in the dark. The bottle should be so shaped that, even if broken, a person could tell at a glance what it was. (The Coca-Cola bottle design brief in 1915.) Today the glass bottle is seen as an icon. An icon is a symbol or image which directly refers to a specific entity or moment. Acclaimed as one of the most famous packages, the Coca-Cola glass bottle was re-launched in 1997 in a unique new format for Britain at The Coca-Cola Bottle exhibition at Londons Design Museum. Coca-Cola also produces the worlds most popular flavoured soft drinks: Fanta and Sprite, as well as diet Coke and Cherry Coke. These products can be mass marketed across the globe using standard promotions and advertising campaigns. This dramatically cuts promotional and advertising costs as these are distributed over a large market area. As Coca-Cola is the flagship of the Company, more money is spent advertising and promoting Coke than any of the other drinks. In the United Kingdom, Coca-Cola advertises all year round. Sponsorship and brand recognition The relationship Coca-Cola has with sport seeks to advance the development of sport overall. It aims to make sporting competitions possible by supporting events for the participation and pleasure of athletes and spectators. Coca-Cola has a long history of sports sponsorship including the Olympic Games, football, tennis and Special Olympics. Coca-Cola has been involved with the Olympic Games since 1928. It has been sponsoring the football World Cup since 1978 and is actively involved with the Wimbledon Championships. Coca-Colas support is at all levels. In 1993, Coca-Cola became sponsors of The Coca-Cola Cup in England, with Scotland following in 1994. Support is also provided for the English National Football Team and the Scottish International Youth Teams with a grass roots programme for mini-soccer with the Football Association Development Programme. Through sponsorship in leisure activities, Coca-Cola is able to combine the promise of refreshment with a sense of thrill, celebration and passion together with the universal necessity of a healthy, active lifestyle. Coca-Cola is a global product and can largely be marketed using a global approach, but the Company also engages in national and regional marketing strategies which illustrate a recognition of local and cultural differences. The first advertisement of Coca-Cola was an oil-cloth sign containing the phrase Delicious and Refreshing Now throughout the world, you can see Coca-Cola advertised in the cinema, on TV, on posters and in magazines. The Coca-Cola Companys overall advertising strategy is summed up by the phrase Think Global, Act Local Some campaigns are designed for worldwide use and others developed for individual markets. In some cases a product is developed for local consumption, such as Lilt in Great Britain and Ireland. The Always Coca-Cola campaign theme has been used worldwide to reinforce the universality of the brand which is always there. However, different advertisements are also made for each market. This enables Coca-Cola to choose the most relevant advertisements for its consumers and to choose how and when they should appear. In Great Britain, for example, where football is a national passion, Eat Football, Sleep Football, Drink Coca-Cola is a massively successful advertising campaign reinforcing the link between Coca-Cola and football while continuing the brands support of the game and fans. Sponsorship Sports Coca Cola sponsored the english football league in the beginning of the 2004-05 season (beginning August 2004) to the start of 2010/11 season, when the Football League found a new sponsor in NPower. Along with this, coca cola sponsored the coca-cola Football Camp, otherwise known as a soccer camp, that took place in South Africa, Pretoria during the 2010 FIFA World Cup, during which hundreds of teenagers from around the world were able to come together and share their passion for the game, partly due to Best Buys efforts through their program. Other major sponsorships include NASCAR, the NBA, the PGA Tour, NCAA Championships, the Olympic Games, the NRL, the FIFA World Cups and the UEFA Euro. In the Philippines, it has a team in the Philippine Basketball Association, the Powerade Tigers. Television The company sponsors the hit Fox singing-competition series American Idol. Coca-Cola is a sponsor of the nightly talk show on PBS, Charlie Rose in the US. Marketing Strategies of Coca Cola in UK Coca-Colas long-running Holidays are coming Christmas ad is to return to TV this weekend, this year with added social media integration. Coca Cola Trucks This years campaign will also see the return of the Coca-Cola Christmas Truck tour. The truck in the advert will visit more than 60 towns, cities and supermarkets in Great Britain and Ireland over the coming weeks. A dedicated hub will be set up on cokezone.co.uk to let consumers know where it will be visiting and will highlight local heroes, who will be nominated by their local communities to win the chance to have the truck visit their homes. The Christmas theme will continue on-pack, with the Sundblom-designed Coca-Cola Santa featuring on 2 litre bottles, 330ml cans and multipacks. Coca-Colas spot on Londons Piccadilly billboard is also part of the activity and will play the Holidays are Coming on rotation over the coming weeks. Zoe Howorth, marketing director for Coca-Cola Great Britain, says: Coca-Cola has a rich history of spreading Christmas joy through our marketing campaigns, with our Holidays are Coming ad and truck which are loved across the world. Were excited to be joining together with consumers in the countdown to Christmas and sprinkling some Coca-Cola Christmas magic, harnessing both the brands heritage and core media platforms to spread some festive cheer. http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/news/coke-holidays-are-coming-ad-returns/4004676.article Olympic marketing boosts Coke volumes Coca-Colas marketing to promote its sponsorship of the Olympics helped boost the number of products bought by consumers in its last financial quarter, but revenue was hit by promotional pricing across the sector. CocaCola Level of customer service Personal Selling When the distributor want to purchase the new product made from coca cola, the staff need to provide the suitable information to the distributor to ensure they have the understand on the new products. After sales service When the customers and distributor discover that, there may be some damage on the product after they purchase the product, the company has the responsibility to solve the problem. Warranties and guarantees Coca Cola make sure all machine is in good condition, has been factory tested and cleaned. Equipment may have some minor cosmetic imperfections but works perfectly and it has 30 day warranty for people who want to change the drinks. Conclusion Global companies need to generate high levels of profit in order to build on existing competitive advantages. For example, Coca-Cola needs to continually build on its brand image through successful advertising, promotion and provision of value for money products. The Company requires consistent expansion and development in its distribution systems. Coca-Cola is able to do this effectively due to its strategy of growth which has enabled the Company to develop international market leadership. Through manipulating and co-ordinating the tools of branding and advertising via image and activity, such as through sport sponsorship, The Coca-Cola Company seeks to provide refreshment for all of the people on the planet not just the 20% who currently account for 80% of sales.

The Invention of the World Essay -- Literary Analysis, Jack Hodgins

In The Invention of the World, Jack Hodgins invites us to consider an alternative dystopia in which fantasy and reality converge to create sense and constance in an otherwise chaotic existence. Unleashing an arsenal of characters in two parallel worlds, Hodgins attempts to uncover the mysteries of people, and he delves into the paradoxical genre of magic realism, a term coined by Franz Roh in 1925, to achieve this. Focussing on characterization, The Invention of the World offers sufficient surrealism to provide fictional entertainment, whilst cleverly grounding his mythical tale in a relatable reality inspired by history and realism. Specifically, Hodgins offers a lens into the lives of a number of characters. Arguably, Maggie Kyle and Wade Powers achieve contentment on their pilgrimage to Ireland through self-reflection and internal enlightenment; conversely, Kineally and Becker, seek to achieve their constance through the manipulation, exploitation and dependence on other people in their lives. Hodgin’s novel traces the journey of these characters and evokes consideration of the effects of our choices on the long-term equilibrium of our existence and self-enlightenment. From the beginning of the tale, the motif of travel predominates. As Becker â€Å"[waves] your car down the ramp onto the government ferry...† (vii) we are not only introduced to the setting, but also the idea that Becker has a certain authority and inclination to control that journey. As Becker researches, documents and attempts to quantify the tale of Donal Keneally and his rise as founder of the â€Å"Colony of the Revelation of Truth†, we learn of his dissonance and inability to find contentment. Becker’s energy on the pilgrimage â€Å"[was] wild with trying to take eve... ...17). With Wade’s turbulent waters eventually settled by Maggie, this resonating re-birth enables both characters to realize a happiness that can only be found within. To conclude, Hodgins’s entrancing tale merges fact with fiction, magic with reality, and chaos with romance. While Becker and Keneally ultimately fail in their attempts to create, using pride and ambition as fuel towards constancy, Hodgins creates a poetic final scene in which Wade and Maggie Powers symbolically unite in matrimony, ironically wed by Horseman, Wade’s sagely nemesis, amongst the chaos of thrown insults, wielded chainsaws, food fights and terrible music, Maggie is, significantly, able to â€Å"[stand up, beside her husband, ready† (353). Through the magic of myth, Hodgins teaches us to find a place where we can be satisfied, enjoy who we are, and appreciate the important people around us.

Jefferson VS. Hamilton DBQ Essay

In the history of America, Thomas Jefferson, the Secretary of State, and Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury, were two of the greatest leaders of our country. Although they both lead the country, that’s where the similarities end as they had opposing views on everything. Jefferson was a republican while Hamilton was a federalist. Jefferson had been opposed to all of Hamilton’s ideas, such as his financial plan, his interpretation of the powers of the government, his foreign policy, and his vision for the future of America. Jefferson was against Hamilton’s views because his financial plan would ultimately destroy democracy in America, his interpretation of the powers of the government could result in the destruction of the institution of slavery, his foreign policy because Hamilton was Pro-British and England’s Monarchy could spread to America, and his vision for the future of America because Hamilton wanted an Oligarchy government while Jefferson wante d a democracy. First, Jefferson was extremely opposed to Hamilton’s financial plan for America. Hamilton’s financial plan was very elaborate, ultimately leading to the preservation of America’s independence. His plan starts with the goal of gaining power through wealth. To gain wealth, Hamilton stated that industry must be created. He creates a national bank by loosely interpreting the â€Å"necessary and proper† (Doc 1) clause. Hamilton justifies his bank by saying, â€Å"Necessary often means nothing more than needful†¦useful† (Doc 2). He believed that the creation of a National Bank fell under this clause as he found it convenient to help with his plan. By creating the National Bank, he was making the rich richer, and causing them to either invest their money, spend it on products, store it in the bank, or use it to buy bonds. This in turn would give the government more wealth, and ultimately more power. It seemed like a decent idea, but Jefferson saw the flaws that came  with it. He stated that Hamilton’s plan would destroy democracy in America. In Jefferson’s notes on the state of Virginia, he said, â€Å"Those who labor in the earth are the chosen people†¦corruption of morals in the mass of cultivators†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doc. 4). When he says this, he is saying that through the creation of industry, workers who work under others will lose their political independence. He saw this as a threat to democracy because workers would be easily manipulated to vote for someone that their employer wanted them to vote for, therefore leading to corruption in the government. And there was no workaround for this as voting was public, so anyone could watch the workers cast their vote. This would eventually lead to an Oligarchy as the rich would have all the power since they were of higher positions, and would control those of lower positions, which would be the workers. That is why Jefferson opposed Hamilton’s financial plan as this would end in the creation of a country who is led by few peop le with all the power. In addition, Jefferson was opposed to Hamilton’s interpretation of the government’s powers. Hamilton interpreted the â€Å"Necessary and Proper† clause loosely, stating that â€Å"Necessary often means nothing more than needful† (Doc. 2). By interpreting the clause this way, he opened himself to an almost unlimited amount of power. He used it to create a National Bank by claiming that it was related to regulating commerce and collecting taxes. Jefferson had been opposed to Hamilton’s interpretation for many reasons. The first one is that he interpreted the Constitution very strictly. He argued that, â€Å"Supporters of the bank bill argue that a bank would be of great convenience in collecting taxes. Even is this argument were true, the constitution allows for only those laws which are â€Å"necessary†, not for those which are merely convenient for carrying out delegated powers† (Doc. 3). He argued that the constitution was only referr ing to laws that were absolutely necessary, a last resort with no other possible options. Jefferson backs up his interpretation by also stating, â€Å" †¦ that powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the people or the states†¦The incorporation of a bank and the powers assumed by this bill have not in my opinion, been delegated by the United States by the Constitution† (Doc. 8). The second reason he interpreted the constitution this way was because if the Constitution were to be interpreted loosely, it would pose a threat towards Slavery. Jefferson had supported slavery, and did not want the government to be able to gain more power through the clause, and in the long run, eventually ending slavery in America. The final reason Jefferson opposed Hamilton’s interpretation was because Hamilton was using his loose interpretation to his advantage, creating a bank to further push his financial plan into motion, which was the exact opposite of what Jefferson wanted as it went against all of his beliefs. Jefferson was trying to stop Hamilton’s plan, and one way was to stop the abuse of the â€Å"Necessary and Proper† clause. Furthermore, Jefferson was against Hamilton’s foreign policy. Hamilton was considered to be Pro-British while Jefferson was Pro-France. During this time, France and Britain were at war fighting against each other. Hamilton supported the British and wanted them to win against the French because he believed in the British’s form of government, a monarchy. A monarchy was a government with one person that holds the sole power of the country. Hamilton’s expectations was that if the British were to win the war, the monarchy form of government would spread all across Europe, and ultimately be adopted in America as an oligarchy form of government, a country ruled by a few. He believed in this type of government because he saw that Britain was flourishing and he thought that if America adopted the same type of government, then the country would succeed as well. Hamilton shared his view on popular rule by stating, â€Å"The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom j udge or determine right. Give to the first class a distinct, permanent share in the government† (Doc. 6). Hamilton objected to power among the people because he believed that the people are always changing and have ambition. This creates a state of mind that a common person can never settle on one decision and is always going to change their beliefs. Hamilton also states his disagreement with Jefferson by saying, â€Å"In respect to our foreign  politic, the views of the gentlemen and his supports are unsound and dangerous. They have a womanish attachment to France, and a womanish resentment against Great Britain† (Doc. 9). Hamilton shows his hate on Jefferson’s views and comments that they are unsound and dangerous. Jefferson on the other hand believed that the government should be a democracy with power shared among all the people. Jefferson supported the French because of multiple reasons. First, he wanted to honor the treaty between America and France, and help them in the war against the British. Second, he did not want monarchy to spread across Europe as this would diminish his chances of creating a democracy form of government in America. Jefferson expresses his distrust for the government and the elite by saying, â€Å"I am not a friend to a very energetic government. It is always oppressive. It places the governors indeed more at ease, at the expense of the people† (Doc. 7). Jefferson believed that the elite would take away the rights of the common people. He trusted that Gentlemen who were small farmers, would rule better as they would be educated, disinterested, independent, and would own land. This was the criteria that Jefferson believed would fit a person to rule the country, and why he disagreed with Hamilton’s foreign policy. Finally, Hamilton and Jefferson have very different views on the future of America. Hamilton believed that the future of America should yield a Oligarchy government, with the power belonging to the elite. He wanted Britain to ultimately win the war and for America to adopt an Oligarchy government and prosper just like Britain, since he did not trust the power to be in the common peoples’ hands. Additionally, Hamilton sought out to have industry with manufacturing and agriculture. He believed that a strong manufacturing economy was of great importance to America’s future. Hamilton wrote a report on Manufacturing in which he stated, â€Å"The trade of a country which is both manufacturing and agriculture will be more lucrative and prosperous than that of a country which is merely agricultural. The importations of manufactures supplied seem to invariably drain the merely agricultural people of their wealth† (Doc. 5). Hamilton believed that for America to flourish with its economy and eventually pay off its debts, America needed to have industry to start manufacturing its own products and  be able to export products and agriculture, not just agriculture. He also thought that in the long run, the agricultural people would be drained of their wealth as manufacturing would take over the economy of America. Jefferson disagreed greatly with Hamilton’s vision for America. Jefferson wanted to have a democracy in America in the future, with power in the hands of small farmers who were Gentlemen. This was a Virtuous Republic. He distrusted the elite to run the government and trusted people who were like him to have the power. Additionally, he did not want industry to become present in America as that would destroy democracy, so he wanted more agriculture to be among the farmers. To sum up, Jefferson and Hamilton disagreed on a great deal of matters. In the end, it was both Hamilton and Jefferson who won in achieving what they wanted. Nowadays we have a democracy government, but we also have industry and we manufacture goods. We export and import goods to keep our economy in balance. The people have the power now, but it is not just small farmers and gentlemen, but rather equality among all others.

Wellness Techniques Effective In Increasing Students Wellbeing Education Essay

In a non tantamount pretest-posttest control group experiment, participants in the experimental group were subjected to wellness techniques such as tasting, sharing of savoured minutes in category, gratitude journal authorship, cognitive distraction with the usage of wit, and narrative job work outing activities. Control group received no inclusion of health techniques in their regular category treatment. The consequences showed that there were no important differences between the control and experimental group across Hope, Life Satisfaction and Depression tonss. Other findings showed that males tend to prefer a combination of cognitive distraction and tasting techniques, while females tend to prefer a combination of tasting, gratitude and job resolution and end puting techniques. Results suggest a focussed health technique and some considerations sing personal, environmental or school related factors that might confuse the consequences of the experiment. Fusss and emphasis are inevitable for a graduating college pupil. Accomplishments of excessively many demands every bit good as go toing to other school-related activities are tension roll uping. Student ‘s resiliency is tested, wherein get bying and hardiness serves as resources to endorse them up during times of insomniac darks and pressured school demands. Several old ages since the positive psychological science addressed the demand to supply and keep positive establishments that will supply and heighten its stakeholders ‘ wellbeing and character strengths. School is one of the societal establishments where pupils learn both academic, interpersonal accomplishments, and even emotion ordinance. Research on wellbeing in school specifically methods to heighten wellbeing are in scarceness. Larson ( 2000 ) mentioned that pupils presents have lack of positive development and non a mere indicant of terrible psychological jobs. He encourages research workers to research factors that may lend to pupils ‘ wellbeing. In the context of school aged kids and striplings Diener and Diener ( 1996 ) found out that even pupils feel stressed about school plants they even rated themselves as positively happy. These consequences were replicated by several researches across civilizations ( states such as Australia, Portugal, China, Canada, Spain, and Korea ) and found the same self-evaluations among pupils. The present survey purposes to research possible ways to heighten pupils ‘ wellbeing specifically life satisfaction and hope. The research focal point on the life satisfaction of pupils in schools specifically their varied activities, and challenges as they strive to complete their college instruction.Students ‘ life satisfaction in schoolLife satisfaction in general is the perceptual experience of a quality of life that involves, of class, a cognitive assessment ( Huebner, Suldo, & A ; Mcknight, 2004 ) . Both positive and negative experiences straight affect pupils ‘ life satisfaction and day-to-day experiences affect the life satisfaction in general. Gilman ( 2001 ) pointed out that pupil ‘s school ‘s life satisfaction was positively related to pupils ‘ active engagement in assorted extracurricular activities that the school may hold. He added that pupils who participated good in assorted school activities do hold higher school life satisfaction as compared to those who do n't take part. Suldo, Shafer and Riley ( 2008 ) identified that pedagogues ‘ deficiency of attending to pupils ‘ wellbeing may be given a focal point alternatively of strictly academic accomplishment. Their reappraisal of literature identified cardinal points to see in analyzing factors for pupil satisfaction, foremost, perceptual experience of societal support such as the academic staffs, general feeling of satisfaction with school, and last, academic ego construct. Suldo, Shafer and Riley ( 2008 ) tested a theoretical account in foretelling school life satisfaction. The way theoretical account revealed that parental engagement in school every bit good as student-teacher relationship contributes to life satisfaction. School satisfaction is of import because happy pupils tend to demo positive interpersonal relationship with classmates and school staffs and at the same clip works collaboratively with others.Academic HopeHopeful pupils are expected to gestate ends and will develop differe nt schemes to make those ends beyond sing school life satisfaction. Snyder and Lopez ( 2002 ) defined hope as a strength-based concept that is divided into both tract and agentic thought that makes hope cognitive and motivational. Low hope pupils are said to be more dying during category activities and trial pickings activities. Low hope persons are more likely to demo sself-doubt and negative brooding manner that interferes with analyzing and using what they learned from school ( Snyder, 1999 ) . On the other terminal, pupils with higher hope reported good academic standing, good correlated with positive job resolution and other school related accomplishments ( Chang, 1998 ) .Enhancing pupils ‘ life satisfaction and hopePersonal academic beliefs and its positive relationship with life satisfaction can be used as a anchor for an intercession for heightening school life satisfaction. In the research of Chang, Mcbride-Chang, Stewart and Au ( 2003 ) giving importance to pupil â⠂¬Ëœs academic abilities, valuing school as of import to one ‘s ends, betterment in student-teacher relationship, and person ‘s ego ordinance in academic force per unit areas increase pupil ‘s good being in school. On the other manus, Bouwkamp ( 2001 ) developed a school hope plan that which utilized both mark and cosmopolitan hope techniques to increase hope. It was delivered in group based attack which aims to better pupil ‘s hopeful thought.Developing pupil ‘s tract thought and agentic thoughtSnyder, Lopez, Shorey, Rand and Feldman ( 2003 ) suggested that end scene activities and able to break up ends to smaller ends and measuring the likeliness that pupils can consecutive work on it helps better tract thought. Agentic thought can be improved by maintaining a diary that identifies negative self-scripts and overcritical ego books and so learning pupils to replace them with positive and productive ideas. In add-on, Snyder, Mcdermott ( 2002 ) mentioned that hopeful kids frequently draw upon their ain memories of positive experiences during hard times. By reminiscing positive and good feeling or elating narratives they create a positive personal ego.Wellness techniques to heighten we llbeingTo stress what was specified in the literature on life satisfaction and trust the research worker gathered several literature that was through empirical observation proven to increase subjective well-being and on the other terminal functioning the suggestions of Snyder ( 2003 ) for hope and Chang ( 2003 ) for life satisfaction. It was mentioned in the literature that addition in life satisfaction is dependent on the frequence of experience of positive affect and hope bureau and tracts are sensitive to job work outing activities and reminiscing positive experiences, Lyubormisky, Sousa and Dickerhoof ( 2006 ) research on authorship and speaking about positive experiences can be used to heighten subjective good being concepts. Those two academic basic accomplishments tend to hold characteristics of forming, incorporating and analysing jobs and issues which the chief intent is to bring forth solutions to jobs. Emmons and McCullough ( 2003 ) found benefits on composing activities specifically daily and hebdomadal exercisings. Bryant ‘s ( 2003 ) on the other manus give importance to tasting positive experiences, and reminiscing good feeling minutes are said to be related to increase in subjective well being. Langston ( 1994 ) identified capitalisation as a term to depict why people tend to utilize and remain with positive experiences and emotions because they get something out from it, it makes one heighten their emotional wellbeing. There are different ways to capitalise and remain or hang on with experiences and sharing and continous speaking about the subject are two basic techniques. Smith, Caprariello, Tsai, Rodriquez, and Maniaci ( 2010 ) In line with authorship and tasting experiences, Emmons and McCullough ( 2003 ) posited that when we exercise gratitude and counting approvals it will most likely put the person in a pleasant temper province. In their experimental survey, experimental group participants who received gratitude conditions were well satisfied, felt more optimism, and felt connected with other people. A survey on cognitive distraction is said to be SWB heightening. ( Strick, Holland, new wave Baaren, & A ; van Knippenberg, 2009 ) used wit as support or get bying with negative feelings. Cann, Calhoun and Nance ( 2000 ) identified that with the exposure of experimental participants to humour it instantly reduced negative temper and participants were able to alter their perceptual experience of their undertaking from tiring to interesting.MethodThe survey was a quantitative and experimental design, specifically and non tantamount pretest and posttest control group design was utilized. The survey aims to heighten hope, and life satisfaction tonss.Participants4 subdivisions participated in this survey, while merely 2 subdivisions where utilized for the experiment and the combined subdivisions for the designation of technique penchants. The experimental group ( n = 37 ) are control group ( n = 35 ) where identified as the mark group for the survey ( Mean age = 18 ) . They volunteered in the experimental without acquiring anything in return as stipulated in the consent signifier. The staying 2 subdivisions are for study intents on technique penchants.ProcedureThe experiment will run for 4 hebdomads which is a month calendar, with each session length of 2 hours with schoolroom treatment for the experimental group and control group. Differences in direction where given via the inclusion of health techniques for the experimental group, while no inclusion of health techniques for the control group. Students are non familiar with the techniques included in category treatment and non even cognizant of the alteration in activities. Students were given adequate information that they can choose non to go to the last 4 subdivisions of the topic because their classs are already finished. Those who stayed for a reappraisal and rating of the faculties can remain. The first session started with a pretesting of hope graduated table, life satisfaction graduated table, and depression graduated table for both experimental and control group. Inclusion session started merely for experimental group with a missive giving activity design to give grateful letters to schoolmates in category for an experience that they think they truly need to state thank you to their schoolmates. Students will portion their experiences to category afterwards. The intent of which is to supply pupils venue to show gratitude and experience being thanked for action done in the yesteryear. The 2nd inclusion for the session is wit ( cognitive distraction ) the category is divided into two groups and from a root word they will add postfixs and prefixes to do the root word evolved into assorted meaningful words ( normally double barreled words ) . The intent of the activity is to supply distraction and promote happy minutes with the group. The 2nd session inclusion involves Gratitude showing and maintaining a gratitude diary for one hebdomad. Students were educated how to maintain and compose gratitude diary to be submitted following meeting ( full notes ) each person in the experimental group is required to subject a day-to-day gratitude note via electronic mail to the research worker. The 2nd portion of the inclusion is to see a film cartridge holder that encourages positive thought, optimism and assertiveness. The 3rd session inclusion includes the reappraisal of the gratitude diary, and placing one major happy minute worth maintaining in the diary for holding a really good positive emotion and being able to portion it in category. The research worker taught the experimental group how to place their tasting minutes and maintain it besides in the diary to be shared by following meeting in category. The last inclusion for the 3rd session was a wit activity where pupils were participants were tasked to reply uncovering inquiries in a bowl. The intent of the activity is to supply personal contemplation and cognitive distraction in a manner express joying at ain faulty actions before. The 4th session inclusion includes the groupings and sharing of single positive experiences deserving reminiscing, and what makes it truly deserving reminiscing. Each group reported in category factors what made each individual in category wanted to enjoy good minutes in life. The 2nd inclusion activity is more on job resolution and consecutive narrative where participants are asked to do a large circle and tasked to lend to the narrative of a hopeless miss named Maria. Discussion on internal versus external venue of control ends the activity for the last portion. Immediately after the session a posttest was administered to the experimental group. It is expected that the control group have the same agenda of posttest pickings.Datas analysisA manova was used to see the differences of each tonss across dependent variables among two groups. A multidimensional grading was used from the gathered information among 2 subdivisions who experienced the inclusion by replying a penchant question naire.Consequences and DiscussionThe present survey aims to place if there will be a grade alteration on hope, life satisfaction, and depression tonss among experimental and control group which means placing efficaciousness of inclusion of health techniques. Table 1. Meanss and Standard divergence values DV Pre/Post E/C Meter Std. Dev Nitrogen Depression Post C 17.52 8.52 25 Tocopherol 13.00 7.23 28 Entire 15.13 8.14 53 Pre C 18.52 8.36 25 Tocopherol 17.39 7.913 28 Entire 17.92 8.07 53 Hope Post C 50.76 5.02 25 Tocopherol 51.71 5.63 28 Entire 51.26 5.32 53 Pre C 49.68 5.82 25 Tocopherol 51.43 3.65 28 Entire 50.60 4.83 53 Life Satisfaction Post C 26.20 4.425 25 Tocopherol 26.86 4.79 28 Entire 26.55 4.59 53 Pre C 24.80 4.99 25 Tocopherol 26.39 4.37 28 Entire 25.64 4.70 53 Descriptive statistics shows that the figure of both experimental and control groups ‘s participants decreased due to dropping of attending ( mortality ) . Comparing the pretest average tonss of each group showed that pretest consequences for hope, life satisfaction and depression are non equal. After the inclusion tally of health techniques merely the average tonss of depression in the posttest for the experimental group dropped from a pretest M = 17.39 to posttest depression M = 13.00. Table 2 Trial of Between-Subjects Effectss Pre/Post Depression United states secret service 192. 06 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 192.06 F 3.00 Sig. .087 Hope United states secret service 12.32 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 12.32 F .48 Sig. .491 Liter United states secret service 22.95 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 22.95 F 1.06 Sig. .305 EC Depression United states secret service 210.60 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 210.60 F 3.28 Sig. .073 Hope United states secret service 48.24 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 48.24 F 1.87 Sig. .174 Liter United states secret service 33.43 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 33.43 F 1.55 Sig. .216 Sig. 0.017 In comparing pretest and posttest consequences to uncover the effectivity of the inclusion of the health techniques in schoolroom treatment versus the non inclusion of the control group, it shows that across dependent variables and across groups there are no important differences. It means that the inclusion of the health techniques that was used in the survey was n't effectual in heightening hope, life satisfaction and diminishing the depression scores among participants in the experimental group. Wilks lamda is non important. Figure 1 Wellness technique penchants of male pupils Figure 1 showed that in the informations gathered from the penchant study of n = 33, male pupils who exposed to inclusion of health techniques in category identified that Humor activity 1 and tasting / sharing activities uplifted their positive temper province for a hebdomad. The graph showed bunch of B and E with a emphasis = .004 which is good. Figure 2 Wellness technique penchants of female pupils Datas gathered from N = 35, female pupils who were exposed to the inclusion of the health techniques in category identified bunchs GH ( Story of Maria and Dilemma Worksheet ) and DE ( Gratitude diary and Savouring/Sharing activities ) in elating their positive temper province for a hebdomad with a emphasis = .000 which is good. In the given findings identified it is good to observe that health techniques might hold lagged behind some of the factors that contribute to the frequence of more Negative affect to pupils. Sing that during the clip of experiment it was besides the clip where pupil prepare for finals and other demands. It is besides extremely suggested to concentrate merely on one health techniques alternatively of incorporating all three sorts of health techniques in the experiment viz. , cognitive distraction, tasting, and gratitude journal and problem-goal scene. Even though depression tonss were minimized it is non significantly considered in the research. Dampening is another construct where pupil can really take to minimise positive affect in stead of a more ambitious experience or hazard to come. It is extremely recommended that research worker should command possible menaces such as personality, self esteem, stifling, and timing of the experiment. The bunch of the health techniques per gender penchants showed how intercession can be retroflex for the following research and inform others about gender penchants on the usage of health techniques. It shows that misss appreciate the usage of problem-solving end scene every bit good as the narrative of Maria which is really taps hope agentic and tracts, and at the same clip opted for the tasting and gratitude activities which taps capitalisation and care of positive affect. On the other manus male pupils prefer wit activity which I think is less nerve-racking for them because they do n't exercise attempt to compose and maintain and diary which is besides a male issue ( revelation ) but they do be given to appreciate the tasting experiences as portion of heightening their well being. A form among gender showed that tasting and sharing positive things to others when others are attentive to what we portion provides both positive emotions to both gender.

Angelology and Satanology

Angelology and Satanology Ethical dualism suggests that there are two independent underlying principles in any helm of reality and the forces of these two principles are equal. A good example is that of good versus evil, and that there will always be evil where there is good and good where there is evil and these two will always compete against each other and since their forces are equal, there will probably be no outright winner ever.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Angelology and Satanology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the Bible teaches of there being the forces of good and those of evil and goes on to assert that good always triumphs over evil. This means that God being the force of good and Satan being the force of evil will always exist, but God always triumphs over Satan1. The common understanding of dualism suggests that God and Satan are two eternal and equal forces that will always struggle until eternity. Thos e who say that God created evil in the form of Satan, often quote the Bible as saying that God is the only eternal self-existent being, which means that Satan must have been created by God since he is not self-existent. The Bible also goes ahead to state that God created everything including spirits and angles. This suggests that God created Satan, but since the Bible says that after He created the heavens and earth he saw that everything was good, therefore, Satan must have been created by God. The source of Satan’s evil nature can therefore be attributed to the free will that God gave all people in His creation, who poses a free moral agency, which means that Satan chose to be evil all by himself and that is why he was cast to earth as the book of Isaiah 14:12-17 suggests2. The Bible gives many cases of conflict between God and Satan and out of these there are those that Satan won and others where God won. One of the examples of cases where Satan won is where Adam and Eve a te the forbidden fruit and God had to kick them out of the Garden of Eden. Another case is where Satan convinced the people to stop worshipping God and instead adopt the worshipping of idols. He also did win when the people rejected and killed Jesus.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cases where God triumphed over Satan are also mentioned in the Bible and they happen to be more than those where Satan won. In the Bible we are told in the book of Revelation 12:7-9 that there was a war in heaven and the angles of the Lord triumphed over Satan and his angles and he was, therefore, cast from heaven and to earth. There is also the story of Job who was tested by God when he allowed Satan to torment him, but he still remained faithful. There was the case of Jesus where he was tempted by the devil in the wilderness and also where he cast out demons from a man, which show that He had immense power over the devil. The sinless life, death and resurrection of Jesus is also an evidence of God’s victory over Satan and every time a sinner becomes a Christian marks the loss of the devil and the Bible says there is joy in heaven when this happens. The Bible says that we should have faith in God to protect us and strengthen us against the wiles of the devil. This means that people often yield to temptation and commit sin due to their lack of faith in God and are, therefore, left vulnerable and unprotected3. Bibliography Matson, William. The Adversary: His Person Power and Purpose a Study in Satanology. New York: Kessinger Publishing, 2005. Seidman, Chris. Before stones become bread: becoming more like Jesus by resisting temptation. New York: College Press, 2006. Verbeek, Elizabeth. The Blood of the Lamb of God. New York: Xlibris Corporation, 2011.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Angelology and Satanology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Footnotes 1 William Matson. The Adversary: His Person Power and Purpose a Study in Satanology. New York: Kessinger Publishing, 2005. 29. 2 Elizabeth Verbeek. The Blood of the Lamb of God. New York: Xlibris Corporation, 2011. 48. 3 Chris Seidman. Before stones become bread: becoming more like Jesus by resisting temptation. New York: College Press, 2006. 74.

The Treaty of Verdun

The Treaty of Verdun The Treaty of Verdun divided the empire that Charlemagne had built into three portions, which would be governed by his three surviving grandsons. It is significant because it not only marked the beginning of the empires dissolution, it laid out the general boundaries of what would become individual nation-states of Europe. Background of the Treaty of Verdun Upon the death of Charlemagne, his sole surviving son, Louis the Pious, inherited the entire Carolingian Empire. But Louis had several sons, and though he wanted the empire to remain a cohesive whole, he divided and re-divided the territory so that each might govern his own kingdom. The eldest, Lothair, was given the title of emperor, but amidst the re-apportioning and the revolts that resulted, his actual imperial power was severely curtailed. After the death of Louis in 840, Lothair tried to reclaim the power hed originally wielded as emperor, but his two surviving brothers, Louis the German and ​Charles the Bald, joined forces against him, and a bloody civil war ensued. Lothair was eventually forced to admit defeat. After extensive negotiations, the Treaty of Verdun was signed in August, 843. Terms of the Treaty of Verdun Under the terms of the treaty, Lothair was allowed to keep the title of emperor, but he no longer had any real authority over his brothers. He received the central portion of the empire, which included parts of present-day Belgium and much of the Netherlands, some of eastern France and western Germany, most of Switzerland, and a substantial portion of Italy. Charles was given the western part of the empire, which included most of present-day France,and Louis took the eastern part, which included most of present-day Germany.